A Comparison of Moon River Breakfast at Tiffany's Essay

A Comparison of Moon River Breakfast at Tiffany's - Essay Example This article centers around ‘Breakfast at Tiffany's', that is a 1961 American film featuring Audrey Hepburn and George Peppard. Likewise in the cast are Patricia Neal, Buddy Ebsen, Martin Balsam, and Mickey Rooney. It was coordinated by Blake Edwards and discharged by Paramount Pictures. The film is inexactly founded on the novella of a similar name by Truman Capote. The screenplay was composed by dramatist and screenwriter George Axelrod, maybe most popular for his play, The Seven Year Itch. This article not just depicts the plot of a film, it's on-screen characters and makers, yet in addition investigates the job of music in the film. The scientist looks at three variants of one tune, named Moon River in the exposition - form sung by Andy Williams, rendition of Moon River sung by Audrey Hepburn and adaptation of Moon River in the first soundtrack. The analyst at that point gives correlation and investigation of the chronicles. Measures that he utilized are the accompanying: i n general style, rhythm, elements, instrumentation and articulation of every one chronicle. All in all, the looks into states that among these 3 distinct variants, he accepts that the Williams form was the best. It starts at a more exuberant speed than the others, and the entertainer sings the verses firmly and genuinely. He proceeds with that route until the finish of the tune. The craftsman follows the depiction of a wonderful completion to a melody as portrayed by Deborah Stein in a 2005 exposition: ‘The most grounded finishing ,’ she says, ‘is the full, or credible cadence.’

What is Competition Free Content (According to CoSchedule)

What is Competition Free Content (According to ) Content promoting is serious, swarmed, and jumbled. Everybody is mauling for the equivalent people’s consideration, yet there’s just such a great amount to go around. At long last, the individuals who discover their opposition free substance specialty will win out. Anyway, what's going on here? Look at the video, where I clarify. Rivalry free substance is tied in with heating up the rule of separation into your substance promoting methodology. The rule springboards from a business idea I gained from a book called, Blue Ocean Strategy. In the book, writers W. Chan Kim and Renã ©e Mauborgne portray the two distinct seas in business: a red sea and a blue sea. The red sea is bleeding with rivalry. In these waters, you’re contending with numerous organizations for similar clients by means of similar strategies. Everyone’s asking for consideration in existing markets. Development turns out to be moderate, if not inside and out stale. This is a severe situation for advertisers, and one a large portion of us work in today. It’s an ocean of high rivalry, low separation. Complexity that image of the red sea with a blue sea. These are clear, rivalry free waters. It’s a spot where exceptional methodologies stand apart in light of the fact that nobody else can contend. Truth be told, finding the blue sea renders rivalry unessential. The extraordinary upside is that you can catch new request by accomplishing your best work since you swim in your own waters. Standard substance promoting is much the same as swimming in the red sea. It’s loaded up with commotion, whipping, and wild rivalry. Everyone’s asking for the equivalent audience’s consideration and they’re doing likewise things to get it. They’re essentially attempting to swim quicker than the rest. This is the thing that gives us a market ridiculous with rivalry and yielding stale development. You will locate your blue sea through sans â€Å"competition content.† It’s the initial phase in the 10x Marketing Formula in light of the fact that, without it, even the best substance faces unavoidable losses. Rivalry free substance is content that increases the value of your clients and crowd that no one but you can create. It’s content that stands apart through point, structure, or media type. Also, it renders rivalry unessential on the grounds that this is uncontested space. A Blue Ocean In Higher Education This is the place you make stuff that sticks out while being significant and important. Here’s an extract from my up and coming bookâ that depicts what it resembles in nature: At the point when the American Civil War finished on May 9, 1865, the nation entered the time of Reconstruction. A great part of the U. S. was wrecked; including the economy. Be that as it may, a significant move was occurring: development from a fundamentally horticultural economy to an industrialized one. Peirce College benefited from this move. The school was established in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to help returning fighters change into the developing modern economy. They required instruction and preparing that was both pragmatic and moderate. Furthermore, that’s what Peirce conveyed, selecting 550 studentsâ in its first year. Over the coming decades, be that as it may, Peirce moved its concentration from veterans to the conventional 18-year-old understudy. By the late 1980s, Peirce College was stepping water in an ocean of comparative schools. They were basically another school offering indistinguishable things to similar individuals from every other person. At that point came Arthur J. Lendo in 1991, Peirce’s new president. Lendo drove the school back to its attention on a gathering of potential understudies with scarcely any other options. As opposed to hook for the consideration of customary understudies, the school turned to an emphasis on grown-up students, military staff, and forthcoming remote understudies. To contact this crowd, they started offering four year certification programs in three scenes: nearby, on location in various urban communities, and on the web. Never again was their non-conventional crowd constrained to associate’s degrees from junior colleges. Presently they got the opportunity of acquiring a four-year degree. In the primary year, they beat online enlistment figures by 300 percent. What's more, after some time, generally speaking enlistment about significantly increased. Quite, the normal age of a Peirce understudy rose from around 21 to mid-30s. The most effective method to Find Your Competition-Free Content Niche In Three Steps Peirce College’s story is an astounding delineation for how advertisers can situate themselves today. All in all, how might you discover your opposition free substance specialty? To discover your opposition free substance specialty, start with this three-section system: look, inquire about, and plan. It’s the straightforward trifecta anybody can do, paying little heed to spending plan or time imperatives. Take a gander At The Competition The initial step is to watch your rivals by reviewing the scene and analyzing what sort of substance they’re making. Is it true that they are running promotions like insane on TV, radio, boards, and other customary channels? Is it true that they are working computerized edges like Facebook promotions, giveaway challenges, video, or email advertising? Do they have connected with crowds on online journals or social channels like Pinterest, Instagram, or Twitter? This progression is tied in with investigating the market and diagnosing techniques and strategies like a researcher. You ought to ask: what substance reverberates most, and least, with your optimal clients? This is the place you can begin to discover the breaks and roads into making rivalry free substance. Research Their Content In the wake of following your serious scene, it’s time to make a beeline for Google for some straightforward research past channels and into content. You’ll scan for terms identified with your items and take a gander at the main ten indexed lists. You’re searching for two fundamental things: What is predictable about their substance? What most noticeably sticks out? Answer addresses like: How long is my competitor’s content? What number of pictures doe they use? Do they utilize solid invitations to take action? What are the nature of their client tributes? Are there item deals drawing in loads of consideration broadly, provincially, and locally? By posing inquiries like these, you can investigate the substance scene. Truth be told, you can even make a spreadsheet to monitor these information focuses for an elevated level perspective on what every other person is making. Indeed, even this degree of straightforward research will make finding your opposition free substance specialty far simpler than basic mystery. Plan Your Competition-Free Content Since you have inquired about the substance and strategies your opposition is utilizing, you can make her opposition free substance system. (Otherwise known as: The great part.) Nonetheless, rivalry free substance isn’t basically making content that’s diverse it’s about making content that’s extraordinary and that your group can execute well. The way to finding that specialty is posing and noting these inquiries. What’s in it for our clients? This inquiry, about the others, ought to be your essential guide. At last, the strategies you use won’t matter to your clients. They don’t care in the event that they discover significant substance from you or from elsewhere. They care about the message and how it legitimately benefits them.This is frequently called a â€Å"What’s in it for me?† (WIIFM) statement. You need a convincing response to this inquiry that you can convey clearly.Additionally, notice I said â€Å"customers† and not just â€Å"audience.† It’s fundamental to remember your paying and most productive clients. Your opposition free substance specialty isn't just intended to assemble an after. Its sole object is to drive development and yield positive monetary outcomes. To pull in a greater amount of your brand’s perfect clients, you should concentrate on making and imparting esteem explicitly customized to them. What is our group great at? Understanding what your group can show improvement over any other individual is significant at this stage. You’re searching for something that’s both extraordinary and that you can execute well. What are our rivals doing that’s comparable? Next, what examples is the business falling into that resemble your team’s qualities? These are chances to upset them and stick out. They’re likewise guardrails to maintain a strategic distance from red-sea rivalry. Are there individuals in your client base or crowd your substance underserves? Next, there might be client and crowd fragments key to development you aren’t serving admirably. You’re analyzing two fragments: who is as of now a client, and who is following your image on the web. In the event that there are basic clients or possibilities your substance is dismissing, this is a colossal chance to course right. What has your group made as of now that you’re glad for? At long last, are there things you’re glad for in light of the fact that they’ve functioned admirably and you can extraordinarily make at a first class level? These are things you realize your group can reliably execute well. These stages are the fastest way to finding your opposition free substance specialty. Their capacity is the particular clearness they bring to both your qualities and the opposition you face. Begin On Your 10x Marketing Formula Journey On the off chance that you need to accomplish 10x development, however you don’t need to hold up until my book turns out in mid 2018, you can begin at this moment. For nothing. Get in on the early access listâ for selective substance like thought-pioneer interviews more pre-distribution understanding into the equation. access to our private 10x promoting LinkedIn gathering. furthermore, the principal section of the book sent directly to you. See you on the opposite side!

The Importance of Aquaculture free essay sample

Aquaculture contributes around 20 percent of the all out catch in Malaysia. One of the significances of aquaculture is to gracefully protein. Of assets the Department of Fisheries, in the year 2007, aquaculture has contributed around 268. 5 tons of protein gracefully to the nation. The aquaculture segment stays a provider to the nation and adding to monetary development on account of this protein gracefully. Aquaculture additionally goes about as an option in contrast to marine fisheries that can't give all year fish, for example, during the storm season. Shrimp, grouper and catfish are among the choices that can be provided by aquaculture in this season. Here is a chart demonstrating the aquaculture creation from 2006 to 2011. In 2004, generally speaking creation was recorded at 202. 225 tons, an expansion of 2. 72% contrasted with 2003. Aquaculture has contributed over 12% of fish creation. The creation esteem expanded by 7. 86% from RM 1,172. 3 million to 1,264. 5 million. In 1996, factual information insights show that aquaculture creation in Malaysia contributes 11% or 132. 42 tons of fish creation in Malaysia for trade. We will compose a custom article test on The Importance of Aquaculture or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Aquaculture is one of the segments with the best potential and adds to the economy. Measurements of Aquaculture Production in Malaysia from 1991 to 1996 (000 tons) Sector| Area | 1991| 1992| 1993| 1994| 1995| 1996| Marine aquaculture| SabahSarawakWP LabuanPeninsular Malaysia| 0. 900. 500. 0048. 30| 0. 900. 100. 0062. 70| 2. 100. 050. 0086. 10| 2. 900. 080. 0092. 60| 3. 200. 100. 00110. 70| 2. 600. 500. 0098. 0| Freshwater aquaculture| SabahSarawakWP LabuanPeninsular Malaysia| 6. 200. 200. 004. 70| 7. 101. 600. 007. 30| 5. 800. 800. 008. 90| 6. 001. 300. 0011. 20| 6. 101. 200. 0011. 20| 6. 500. 800. 0014. 70| *Source : Annual Fisheries Statistic, DOF Malaysia (1991-1996) Aquaculture support innovative work field (R amp; D). It assists with improving the innovation in the nation through R amp; D projects, for example, reproducing research, strategies for bundling and fish taking care of study. For instance, the Department of Fisheries and Fisheries Research Organization in Penang has come about the creation of fish and shrimp high seed quality. This aquaculture action can likewise forestall the termination of marine life. There are many angling exercises adrift which has been done has driven some to jeopardized marine life. Consequently, with the aquaculture part, imperiled marine species can be kept as grouper, tiger prawn and barramundi. What's more, the legislature has likewise directed and created rearing another species to maintain a strategic distance from elimination marvel. What's more, it likewise can limit harm and interruption to marine life environment since it doesn't include the utilization of gear that can upset and decimate living space. For instance, the anglers don't need to utilize nets that will decimate coral reefs. This action doesn't contaminate the water by the utilization of ecologically well disposed innovations. For instance, the utilization of pens and barrels. The aquaculture division is imperative to guarantee nonstop flexibly of protein to the nation instead of bringing in from abroad.

Biological Theories of Aging Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organic Theories of Aging - Research Paper Example This paper quickly clarifies a portion of the organic speculations of maturing referenced previously. Straightforward Deterioration Theory contends that Aging is the collective aftereffect of widespread deteriorative procedures, for example, oxidation, atomic harm, mileage, or amassing of antagonistic results (Goldsmith, p.3). Despite the fact that man and machine are two altogether various things, them two have certain similitudes in their working. No machine can work more than specific timeframe due to the mileage because of consistent work. Same path assortments of the living things are additionally experiencing persistent work which makes harms the pieces of the body. Despite the fact that we top off the energizes as food, supplements and water, there are sure constraints for the body of the living things to get by for a more extended period. In science, a large portion of the synthetic responses yield items and results. These results are not really the proposed one. Same way our body science additionally yields distinctive side-effects which are unsafe to our wellbeing and may l essen our life expectancy. Simultaneously we can't dodge the creation of such results Non-modified hypothesis of maturing accepts that maturing is a latent consequence of an organism’s failure to more readily oppose central deteriorative procedures. Also maturing fills no need, isn't an adjustment, and isn't customized (Goldsmith, p.8). Our body is experiencing part of changes and procedures practically in very seconds. A large portion of the exercises inside our body are outside our ability to control. For instance, the siphoning of blood by the heart isn't finished with our authorization. We can't stop any of the inside capacities. Everything inside our body is tuned to do certain things and any glitches happen inside our body may bring about ailments. We are aloof eyewitnesses of our body capacities. â€Å"Organisms are intentionally structured and hereditarily customized to age or

Yes, you can use SAT words in your college essay

image  © Antonio Guillem, Shutterstock Let’s start this post with a short pop quiz. Which of the following options would have been most likely to appear on the vocabulary section of the old SAT? A. lateritious B. petrichor C. ultracrepidarian D. discreet E. absquatulate If your only experience is with the new test, or if you’ve encountered articles discussing the SAT redesign, it’s probably safe to assume you’ve heard a thing or two about all those â€Å"obscure† words that were removed from the exam in order to make it more â€Å"relevant† and aligned with â€Å"what students are doing in school† (which is†¦ what exactly?) The point of this little exercise, in case you haven’t guessed, is to establish just what an â€Å"SAT word† is and is not, and to thereby conduct this discussion in a reality-based framework. In fact, the only one of these words that stood a realistic chance of appearing on the old exam is D), â€Å"discreet,† which would not, by the standards of most college-educated adults, be considered in any sense â€Å"obscure.† Unfamiliar to a 16-year old who rarely reads, perhaps, but obscure in the absolute sense, most decidedly not. (In case anyone wishes to quibble with that characterization, a brief search of the NY Times website indicates that as of 2pm EST on 11/4/18, this word had been used 10 times on the site within the previous 48 minutes.) Now, as I’ve pointed out before, the adult journalists who cover education for major newspapers such as The New York Times and The Washington Post tend to have a wee bit of difficulty distinguishing between the types of words they might have considered obscure at the age of 16 and the types of words they would consider obscure at the age of 50. And to rehash one of my favorite points, it is not uncommon to come across articles firmly insisting that the old SAT was full of words no one ever used, that are in fact chock full of such â€Å"SAT words† themselves. So that’s point number one. Point number two involves the admonition, often sounded by equally well-meaning adults, to avoid the use of â€Å"SAT words† in one’s college essay. This was a piece of advice I had always more or less concurred with — who wants to read stiff, stilted prose packed with 10-dollar words? — until, that is, I found myself in the bookstore with a few minutes to kill before an event last week and happened to pick up the most recent of the US News and World Report college-rankings edition. Among the features was a section on essays, and one the samples was a delightful piece about tying strings in a bakery, written by a member of the Johns Hopkins class of 2018. In terms of content, the essay hits all the right notes for a middle-class, presumably unhooked girl from an ultra-competitive northeastern state (New York): the writer demonstrates a fairly high degree of intellectual maturity and curiosity, an interest in the hard sciences, the ability â€Å"make connections† between widely disparate concepts (tying strings in a bakery = string theory), is charming without being cloying, and remains appropriately self-deprecating despite her presumable advantages in life (she knows about string theory and alludes to her memorization of Mozart arias but chooses to focus on her inability to do something as simple as tie strings at her part-time job, although obviously, she’s headed for better things in life than a low-wage position in food service). Although it comes off as very natural in the essay, this type of balancing act is actually extraordinarily difficult for most high-school writers, even strong ones, to pull off. I don’t think I could have done it when I was 17. Heck, I’m not even sure I could do it today. (Incidentally, I’d be very curious to know what kind of help, if any, the student received.) I’d actually read the essay before, on the Hopkins site, but what caught my attention this time was the accompanying analysis from and admissions officer. Out of curiosity, I skimmed through it and saw a predictable note praising the fact that the writing sounded â€Å"natural — not as if the author was reaching for a thesaurus.† I didn’t think too much about it and kept reading, but after I few minutes, I realized that something wasn’t sitting quite right, and so I flipped back and took a closer look at the essay. I’d noticed â€Å"tenacity,† a high-frequency word on the old SAT, but now I decided to see if there were others. Sure, enough, I counted 10, give or take a few depending on your definition of â€Å"hard† word. Mantra Discreetly(!) Catapulted Trivial Frazzled Quandary Oscillate Exasperation Gratifying Tenacity Now, the interesting part is that if this list were presented out of context as an example of the types of â€Å"irrelevant† words no longer tested on the exam — five syllables in â€Å"exasperation,† the horror! — I suspect that most people probably wouldn’t hesitate to accept that description and disparage them accordingly, even if they would not have been originally inclined to view the words that way. (More than once, I’ve found myself in a conversation with an educated adult who, when discussing the SAT, began to mock their own spontaneous and reflexive use of moderately sophisticated vocabulary. To paraphrase Orwell, â€Å"big words bad, small words good.†) And indeed, for many students, this list would in fact fall into the category of big, fancy, weird thesaurus words. But within this particular essay, and for this particular student, these terms are used so naturally and so appropriately that they do not seem the least bit forced. The same point was made in a recent outcry on College Confidential, in response to a NY Times piece by a college-essay consultant who insinuated that a parent-written essay could be identified solely by the use of words like â€Å"henceforth.† The reality, of course, is that some kids do in fact use words like â€Å"henceforth† in their writing unprompted, and it seems absurd to ask them to dumb themselves down just to avoid risking getting red-flagged by an admissions officer. Having considered all this, I decided that a more nuanced approach to the issue of college-essay vocabulary was called for. (Nuance n., a subtle difference in or shade of meaning, expression, or sound.) So here’s my assessment: I think that broadly speaking, the success of an essay is not really a matter of the individual words used, but rather of how they work together to create a whole. To worry about whether a student uses â€Å"big words† is essentially beside the point. Rather, the more relevant questions are â€Å"does it flow†? â€Å"does it engage the reader†? â€Å"does it allow the reader to get a sense of who the student is as a person†? It is possible to use very small, simple words and write stiffly and unnaturally, and it is possible to use larger, more challenging words and come across as perfectly natural. The real question is whether a term is the most appropriate one for a given situation. In some instances, that might well be â€Å"tenacity† or â€Å"obduracy†; in others, it might be â€Å"stubbornness.† Each one has a slightly different shade of meaning and can be â€Å"correct† depending on what the writer wants to convey. Many strong essays are in fact fairly informal in style — although I’ve also read excellent ones in which students discuss fascinating, and sometimes quite technical, research projects — but it is a mistake to confuse â€Å"conversational† with â€Å"simplistic.† If you are capable of using sophisticated vocabulary in an easy and natural-sounding way, then by all means go for it. Essays are read holistically: no one is going to sit there and count how many â€Å"hard† words you used. Rather, it’s the overall impression the reader is left with. Your goal is to make a good one, and there’s no fixed formula for doing so.

Schematic Overview of the Purchasing Process - Free Essay Example

2.1 Introduction: Despite some authors (Constantino and Pellegrino, 2009; Ramsay and Wagner, 2009; Svahn and Westerlund, 2009), criticising that the purchasing function, as an issue, has received too little attention in the past and has yet to find a home in an existing academic discipline (Ramsay, 2001), Van Weele (2004), Collignon et al (2007), Zheng et al (2007) and Pressey et al (2009) argue that it is a too valuable unit that should not be disregarded. Bailey et al, (2008) and Chen and Paulraj (2004) both highlight that not only should purchasing have strategic importance, but it can have a proactive long-term focus. Bailey et al continue to argue that as attention to the purchasing function increases, the emphasis centres more on activities around the formation of long-term buyer-suppler relations and total cost reduction as opposed to simple ordering and replenishment routines. 2.2 Schematic Overview of the Purchasing Process To highlight, develop, and help implement purchasing processes, Collignon et al (2007) present an overview (adapted in figure 2) that analyses the function at three separate levels within the organisation: strategic, tactical and operational. The rationale behind the model is that it draws attention to what purchasing activities (processes) could be found at differing levels of a firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s strategic direction. Ramsay and Croom (2008) note that higher inter-organisational status is usually associated with more strategically inclined activities, and questions why companies fail to recognise the purchasing functionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s contributions to strategic survival as some perceive purchasing to be largely tactical and operational. Despite this, Pressey et al (2009) declare that due to competitive pressures, many firms have in fact elevated the purchasing role into that of a strategic function. Figure 2.1: Schematic overview of the typical purchasing processes. Adapted from: Collignon et al (2007). Strategic Level Tactical Level Operational Level Long range planning. Long term impacts on competitive strategy. Purchasing research carried out. Responsibility of top-management. Cost reduction techniques. Direct supply policies for Commodities/segments. Medium term impacts. Expediting. Enquires/quotations/returns. Supplier performance measurement. Records and systems maintenance. In their study, Ramsay and Croom (2008) claim existing purchasing and supply literature embraces a widespread belief that the function has not attained the status it deserves. Throughout their paper, multiple references are made to Reck and Longà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1988) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"strategic evolution stages of the purchasing functionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, which is presented in appendix X. They use this model throughout to compare the influence of academic theory on practitioner behaviour. In their pilot study, Ramsay and Croom (2008:201) concluded that the top three activities that provide differing amounts of strategic contribution (from practitioner responses) were cost control, negotiation, and supplier selection. Linking to Reck and Longs (1988) evolution stages, they note that it is considerably at odds with the academic consensus; cost control appears lowest in this model, negotiation fails to appear and supplier selection is made reference to at the lowest evolution stage of purchasing. Exactly why this divergence occurs is not answered by Ramsay and Croom, but is left open to further investigation, concluding that such purchasing development models are mostly unhelpful. In a direct response to Ramsay and Croom (2008), Rozemeijer (2008) stresses the opinion of the relevance of purchasing development models emphasising the usefulness of them to classify organisations positions, and providing directions for possible strategic changes. In addition to this, Rozemeijer further rejects the observation that professionals and academics regard purchasing as solely a strategic activity and instead asserts that operational activities are in fact at the core of the function and that they can also play a crucial role in realising competitive advantage through closer relations. Rozemeijer (2008) further questions the validity of Ramsay and Croomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (2008)methodology, believing a sample size of twenty-one professionals personally known to the authors may present bias in participants trying to provide answers that match the researcherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s beliefs. Taking this into account Ramsay and Croom justify themselves by omitting any mention of the aim of the study. Nevertheless, Rozemeijer (2008) does note that the simplicity of the purchasing development models may contradict the complexities in a change process, and that they are guides, rather than substitutes, for strategic thinking. Consequently then, determining how to classify and select suppliers to examine the divergence mentioned previously (Ramsay and Croom, 2008), is likely to be a valid issue to investigate and through the use of Kraljicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1983) purchasing portfolio matrix, this can be analysed. 2.3 The Purchasing Portfolio Matrix In 1983, the Harvard Business Review published Peter Kraljicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Purchasing Must Become Supply Managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ article. In this paper, Kraljic presents his à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"purchasing portfolioà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ with an aim to allow purchasing functions to categorise products (and suppliers) to offer distinct purchasing strategies for each of these classifications. The main premise of Kraljicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s model is to reduce supply risk, profit impact and use any potential buying power that a purchasing firm may have over suppliers (Kraljic, 1983; Dubois and Pedersen, 2002; Gelderman and Van Weele, 2003; CaniÃÆ' «ls and Gelderman, 2007; Pagell et al 2010). The model itself (fig 2.1) is based on the dimensions supply risk and profit impact, resulting in four separate quadrants: strategic items, leverage items, bottleneck items, and non-strategic items. Fundamental to this initiative, is the idea that as suppliers are characterised by different interests to the company (Van Weele, 2004), purchasing functions should implement a variation of strategies towards supply markets aiming for increases of efficiency within purchasing processes (Kraljic, 1983:112, Van Assen et al, 2009:145). The adaptation of the Kraljic (1983) matrix in figure 2.1 contains each of the suggested strategies as well as brief descriptions of what allows products to be classified in to the quadrants. Table X in appendix X shows a more detailed criterion. Leverage Items Many alternative sources of supply Product or service substitution possible Largely buyer dominated Strategy: Competitive Bidding Exploit Purchasing Power Non-Strategic Items Large product variety Many suppliers/buyers/alternatives Logistically and labour intensive Little dominance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" high independence Strategy: Optimise inventory (reduce number of suppliers) Bottleneck Items Some alternatives exist Few suppliers High Switching costs Largely supplier dominated Strategy: Secure supply and search for alternatives Strategic Items Large share of costs Very few suppliers Few (if any) substitutes Strategy: (If supplier has power) Seek long-term partnerships. (If buyer has power) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" exploit power through cost reductions/ reduce inventory levels. Supply Risk Profit / financial impact Low High High Figure 2.2 The Purchasing Portfolio Matrix Adapted from Kraljic (1983) 2.3.1 The Four Quadrants Non-Strategic Quadrant The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"non-strategicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ quadrant of Kraljicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1983) matrix is largely represented as items having both low profit impacts and supply risks, with an abundance of potential suppliers and alternative products. Van Weele (2004) remarks that these items are routine in nature: providing few technical or commercial risks. Because of this, Van Weele (2004) further highlights that neither actor will dominate the relationship as switching between suppliers is likely to involve few costs and barriers. As such the buyer-supplier relationship is somewhat independent of each other. Van Assen et al (2009) and Van Weele (2004) argue that because such products can represent high volumes of purchases, managing these is labour intensive à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" with around 80% of a purchasers time spent on these products (Van Weele, 2004:151). Therefore, Kraljic (1983), Van Assen et al (2009) and Pagell et al (2010) suggest that the purchasing strategy used in this case is to optimise inventory through increasing efficiency and reducing the number of suppliers into fewer transactions. Leverage Quadrant The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"leverageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ quadrant has low supply risk, but high profit impact, and obtainable from multiple sources (Kraljic, 1983). Van Weele (2004) notes that because these represent sizeable amounts of final costing, the strategy of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"exploit powerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ could force competitive bidding where suppliers compete for custom with offers of quantity and quality discounts, which CaniÃÆ' «ls and Gelderman (2007) state, is the exploitation of power, and assert that for such products, long-term contracts are not needed as buyers should search and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"spotà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ purchase. Van Weele (2004) mentions however, that prolonged abuse of this power could lead to supplier cooperation, resulting in price fixing and even cartels (both illegal). Bottleneck Quadrant The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"bottleneckà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ quadrant is defined as consisting of items that have high supply risks, low profit impacts, and are characterised by few alternative suppliers and high potential switching costs (Kraljic, 1983). In general, bottleneck items are vulnerable in terms of their supply and can cause significant problems and risks (Gelderman and Van Weele, 2003). As such, this quadrant is largely supplier dominated (Van Weele, 2004) and Kraljicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1983:112) strategy is to reduce dependence upon suppliers through securing supplies of these products and to search for alternatives. Strategic Quadrant The final quadrant is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"strategicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and has both high supply risks and profit impacts. Such products are likely to be highly customised with no alternatives, represent large specific investments, and incur high switching costs, making a change of supplier unattractive (Kraljic, 1983). As a result, Kraljic (1983) suggests long-term partnerships should be sought and highlights that in this quadrant, there are three possible scenarios in terms of who dominates the purchase. In buyer-dominated situations, Kraljic (1983) suggests the organisation exploits the situation through forcing price advantages, and inventory level reductions. Narayandas and Rangan (2004) however argue that firms will only engage in an exchange as long as the dominating firm is perceived as fair and as such may tolerate small measures of opportunism and exploitation. Conversely, Van Weele (2004) suggests that in supplier-dominated situations, the buyer will be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"locked-inà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ a relationship and should accept conditions imposed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" even if the firm seems to behave opportunistically by for example holding up resources after making specific investments. Kraljc (1983) suggests that organisations should always look for alternatives, reduce dependence on such products, or consider vertical integration. The final scenario occurs when neither partner is in a dominating position. As such there exists a mutual interest a balanced relationship, which may develop over time into more of a partnership (Van Weele, 2004). 2.3.2 Critique Developments of the Matrix Despite Kraljicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1983) matrix receiving much attention and largely being recognised as the most dominant and seminal approach in the area (Dubois and Pedersen, 2002; Gelderman and Van Weele, 2003; CaniÃÆ' «ls and Gelderman, 2005; Svahn and Westerlund, 2009; Pagell et al, 2010), it has still encountered much criticism. Dubois and Pedersen (2002) and Gelderman and Van Weele (2005) question how complex business decisions can be based on such simple classifications and recommendations, where the two dimensions of the matrix may not represent the best parameters for the many associated variables. Gelderman and Van Weele (2005) continue to highlight that classification of products is largely subjective, and that mismatches with how buyers perceive its interactions with suppliers may prevent optimal strategies being implemented à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the classifications are subjected to emotional and relational aspects of the purchaser (Van Assen et al, 2009). Gelderman and Van Weeleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s study notes that experienced users of the portfolio respond to such critiques through acknowledging the application of the model follows no set blueprint. The process involves critical thinking and commitment of the purchasing function. Further to this, firms that find willingness to implement these changes are often blocked by the ability to because of lack of commitment or power of the supplier (Casciaro and Piskorski, 2005). Purchasing portfolios have also been subject to adaptations. Based on their research, Pagell et al (2010) observed that some organisations used Kraljicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1983) portfolio in unexpected ways purchasing functions were adopting strategic strategies for leverage items, such that firms were entering long-term agreements à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" contrary to the suggested strategy. Pagell et al (2010), through induction, put forward an adapted purchasing model (figure X appendix X). This sees the leverage quadrant split into true, transitional and strategic commodities. Whereas true commodities retain the characteristics of leverage products, strategic commodities contain noneconomic features that can be leveraged long-term. Between these two, lay transitional commodities, where shifts in information symmetry cause some products to become more strategically inclined requiring temporary changes of strategy (Pagell et al, 2010). However, it is crucial to note that the original study of Pagell et al (2010), was not intended to adapt the matrix, it was an unexpected conclusion, and that because the conclusions are fairly recent, it has yet to studied and scrutinised further. For this work and to fulfil the aims, it is likely that this adapted model should not be used until more research and critique is published. A final point to be made is the relationship that the matrix seems to share with power and dependence. Despite not explicitly dealing with power issues, Kraljicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1983) fundamental assumption is that differences in power and dependence exist in supplier-buyer relationships (Dubois and Pedersen, 2002: 37; CaniÃÆ' «ls and Gelderman, 2007:219). Some of Kraljicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s recommendations and strategies clearly refer to the power arrangement, for example, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"exploit powerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in leverage strategies. Power and dependence may play a significant role in the approach and could be factors that affect the choices of purchasing strategy (CaniÃÆ' «ls and Gelderman, 2007). As such, to further explore supplier-buyer relations, it could be necessary to understand power differences and how they may interact with the purchasing functionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s decisions. 2.4 Power and Dependence The best way to deal with suppliers, and what is appropriate for how buyers should behave power and leverage situations is surrounded by considerable debate (Cox, 2004). Emersonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1963) theory on power-dependence relations is largely explored by the works of Pfeffer and Salancik (1977) and Pfeffer (1981). The basic consensus of these contributions is that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“power resides implicitly in the otherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s dependencyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Emerson, 1963: 32). For example, Emerson highlights that the power (P) of actor A, is directly equal the dependence (D) that actor B has upon A and vice-versa, such that: Pab = Dba Pba = Dab Emerson (1963) explains both above scenarios are unbalanced (one actor is power-advantaged over the other). However, when interdependence between the two is high, the relationship is balanced, such that: Pab = Dba Pba = Dab It is important to note however, that this theory is anchored largely from researching into the exchanges of small groups (Emerson, 1963:32), so should be considered when as exchanges between organisations are likely to be more complex. Emerson (1963) tries to deal with this limitation through emphasising that the above formulations have been worded so that they could be applicable in many types of situations. Discussing the links between power and dependence in relationships is likely to be an issue that may provide a more critical view. Through assessing power, it may be able to show how purchasing strategies are influenced by the potential power, or lack of power that a firm may hold. 2.4.1 Resource Dependency Theory According to Pfeffer and Salancik (1977), power is simply the ability to get something done the way in which they are wanted to be done. In addition to this, they observe that power actually derives from activities and processes rather than individuals, further arguing that power revolves around scarce and critical resources; often resulting in power struggles to obtain them. Actors will try to use their à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"powerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to gain access to scarce resources, and enforce little power when resources are abundant à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this is essentially what Pfeffer and Salancik (1978) call à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Resource Dependency Theoryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (RDT). Pfeffer (1982) explains that organisations are rarely self-sufficient, needing resources from the external environment, consequently, becoming interdependent on the external environment. This is important to consider in RDT as this interdependence can affect an organisations ability to get what it needs and even survive à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this is basically the fundamental assumption of RDT (NienhÃÆ' ¼ser, 2008). NienhÃÆ' ¼ser (2008) acknowledges that within RDT, resources which concern power can differ significantly between firms. Furthermore, Hillman et al (2009) believe that areas of political actions in RDT (power structures) are less frequently explained than they should be, to better understand how power affects the internals of an organisation. In addition to this, Hillman et al highlight their concerns over the lack of recent theoretical interest in RDT, arguing that there are more opportunities for further development and application. Despite these issues, NienhÃÆ' ¼ser (2008) and Hillman et al (2009) agree that RDT is a well established topic significantly contributing towards explaining organisation behaviour and structure. 2.4.2 Power and Dependence in Kraljicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Matrix As highlighted, Kraljicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1983) matrix does not explicitly deal with power issues, it is clear they are taken as assumptions in the suggested purchasing strategies (Dubois and Pedersen, 2002: 37; CaniÃÆ' «ls and Gelderman, 2007:219). Through linking the issues of power and dependence, and RDT to the matrix, it may be able to illustrate more explicitly the role of power in the formation of purchasing strategies, thus, be useful in assessing what influences supplier-buyer relationships. Firms, to varying extents, all depend on their trading partners (CaniÃÆ' «ls and Gelderman 2005; 2007), and the partner that is most independent, is likely to dominate an exchange. CaniÃÆ' «ls and Gelderman (2007) discuss that asymmetric relations are deficient as the power-advantaged actor (most independent), may be tempted to exploit. On the other hand, they also acknowledge that unbalanced relations do not always involve power misuse. Differences may promote effective coordination and integration, legitimising the balance of power over time. In CaniÃÆ' «ls and Geldermanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (2007) study, they sampled 250 purchasing professionals testing their hypotheses (table X appendix X) based on Kraljicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1983) model to identify if the theoretical power issues are found in practice. They concluded that generally, the relative power they expected to see based on the quadrants in the matrix, were observed (table 2.1), albeit with one noticeable difference. The expectation of CaniÃÆ' «ls and Gelderman (2007) to find à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"balancedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ relative power in the strategic quadrant did not materialise. Instead they found that it was supplier dominated and emphasize that it is possible for buyers to feel dominated by suppliers in balanced and satisfactory relationships. They conclude by arguing that situations in which buyers feel dominated, but are satisfied, are desirable as the buyer will not search for alternative products / suppliers. Source: CaniÃÆ' «ls and Gelderman (2007:227) Table 2.1: Comparison of relative power and total interdependence in the Kraljic matrix Relative power Total interdependence Expected Observed Expected Strategic Balanced Supplier Dominance Highest Bottleneck Supplier Dominance Supplier Dominance Moderate Leverage Buyer Dominance Buyer Dominance Moderate Non-Strategic Balanced Balanced Lowest It should be noted however, that CaniÃÆ' «ls and Geldermanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (2007) study was subject to limitations. The initial survey was confined to buyer perspectives, acknowledging that suppliers may have differing views on power and dependence. As discussed, what is appropriate for a purchasing strategy depends on the power and leverage circumstance (Cox, 2004). To understand the basic elements of understanding power and leverage situations, Cox (2004) presents a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"power-matrixà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (figure 2.3). Similar to Kraljicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s matrix, it provides four quadrants on two dimensions (attributes to supplier power, and attributes to buyer power). Coxà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s model is useful in aiding to establish what basic features actually contribute towards making a resource or supplier dominant or power-(dis)advantaged. LOW BUYER DOMINANCE () Few buyers/many suppliers Buyers have high % share of total market for supplier Supplier is highly dependent on buyer for revenue with few alternatives. Supplierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s switching costs are high Buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s switching costs are low Buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s account is attractive to supplier Supplierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s offering is a standardised commodity Buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s search costs are low Supplier has no information asymmetry advantages over buyer INTERDEPENDENCE (=) Few buyers/few suppliers Buyer has relatively high % share of total market for supplier Supplier is highly dependent on buyer for revenue with few alternatives Supplierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s switching costs are high Buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s switching costs are high Buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s account is attractive to supplier Supplierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s offering is relatively unique Buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s search costs are high Supplier has moderate information asymmetry advantages over buyer. SUPPLIER DOMINANCE () Many buyers/few suppliers Buyer has low % share of total market for supplier Supplier has no dependence on buyer for revenue and has many alternatives Supplierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s switching costs are low Buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s switching costs are high Buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s account is not attractive to supplier Supplierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s offering is a relatively unique Buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s search costs are very high Supplier has substantial information asymmetry advantages over buyer INDEPENDENCE (0) Many buyers/many suppliers Buyers has low % share of total market for supplier Supplier has little dependence on buyer for revenue with many alternatives. Supplierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s switching costs are low Buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s switching costs are low Buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s account is not attractive to supplier Supplierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s offering is a standardised commodity Buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s search costs are low Supplier has no information asymmetry advantages over buyer ATTRIBUTES TO SUPPLIER POWER RELATIVE TO BUYER LOW HIGH HIGH ATTRIBUTES TO BUYER POWER RELATIVE TO SUPPLIER Figure 2.3: The Power Matrix Source: Cox (2004:352) While not making any references to the Kraljic matrix, it is useful to observe the similarities between Coxà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (2004) model. Where each of the item quadrants are found in Kraljicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s matrix, it appears in Coxà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s power matrix that they link directly, for example, non-strategic items are associated with balanced power and independent (see figure 2.1 and table 2.1). The same quadrant on the power matrix discusses the elements that could make relationships independent. Such links can be found across all quadrants. 2.5 Conclusion The literature shows that the role of purchasing has developed and finding adequate purchasing strategies could be considered of strategic importance. The literature presented, including the Kraljic Matrix (1983), Resource Dependence Theory, and the Power Matrix (Cox, 2004), provide insights on what influences the formulation of these strategies. The models and theories generally link well together, possibly allowing a more in-depth approach, taking into account multiple perspectives. In terms of the main objectives of this work, these linkages across frameworks should be able to help recognise the aspects of what affects buyer-supplier relationships. Even though, as discussed, there may have been too little attention paid to the purchasing function, contributions and developments from authors such as discussed provided interest to practitioners and academics. As Ramsay and Croom (2008) highlighted in their study, there seems to be some divergence in what is expected from purchasing literature, and what happens in practice. Looking at this, through combing the models and theories could provide a genuine contribution to the field. (3,173) DR14 DR40 DR41 DR38 DR42 DR43 DR22 DR30 DR27 DR28 DR29 DR34 DR31 DR16 DR20 DR21 DR32 DR37 DR33 DR11 DR7 DR9 DR5 DR34 DR15 DR39

Why Parents Should Adopt Children Of Different Origins Are...

1. Those who want to adopt children of different origins are more open minded and in a sense already have an idea of how they will raise their child. My perspective on the subject is that not all parents really know what parenting will be like at first, or, if they adopt a child after having a biological child then they need to be open to how to raise different ethnicities of them. Considering the shocking amount of children that haven’t been adopted in the world, it is quite depressing that they don’t have a home. In the future these transracial adoptions will enable people to have children to care for, but the issues are laid out. For example, if a white parent adopts a black child, there will be questions among those who are not very aware of transracial children. In the future though, it will become more common. So many people have made changes in America that most people look for the soul of the person. The physical characteristics don’t always m atter. However, those who want to sustain each â€Å"race† are more concerned that they will ruin the uniqueness of the world. In marriages this can be an issue, but should it really be a concern? Honestly, I don’t know what the Lord wants in the world, but he most indeed gave different characteristics to create diversity. Some people don’t like diversity. But it was made for a reason and no one can tell a person who they should and shouldn’t marry or in a child’s case, adopt. I think that the demographics of people inShow MoreRelatedPatriotism or Cosmopolitanism Essay1825 Words   |  8 PagesCosmopolitanism† she argues whether children should be taught in education to be patriotic or cosmopolitan. Nussbaum’s definition of cosmopolitanism is a person whose primary allegiance is to the community of human beings in the entire world. Nussbaum begins her argument by raising questions about education and how students ought to be taught t hat hunger in third world countries are problems of global problems and not the countries problem. She says â€Å"We should regard out deliberations as, first andRead MoreThe Moral Universe And Moral Tradition4106 Words   |  17 Pagesharmony with each other. This harmony being directed and created by a higher power. For example, in Hindu there is the concept of Karma- the more right you do the better your Karma and the more likely you are to be reincarnated into something better than what you were. However, the more bad things you do the more bad karma that is accrued and therefore, the more likely you are to be reincarnated into something lesser than what you were. Moving forward we can see that there is an immanent need for aRead MoreFor Against by L.G. Alexander31987 Words   |  128 PagesS UMBRELLA (Longman Structural Readers, Stage 2) OPERATION MASfERMIND (Longman Structural Readers, Stage 3) QUESTION AND ANSWER: Graded Aural/Oral Exercises READING AND WRITING ENGLISH-A First Year Programme for Children LOOK, LISTEN AND LEARNl Sets 1-4 An Integrated Course for Children New Concept English Uniform with this Volume: FIRST THINGS FIRST: An Integrated Course for Beginners PRACTICE AND PROGRESS: An Integrated Course for Pre-Intermediate Students DEVELOPING SKILLS: An Integrated CourseRead MoreThe Influence of Music on Self and Society - Values in Music in Eastern and Western Cultures8787 Words   |  36 PagesThroughout history the unspoken but highly evocative language of music has exerted powerful influences on individuals and societies alike. Felix Mendelssohn once remarked that music is more specific about what it expresses than words written about those expressions could ever be. That music has the power to express, convey and illicit powerful emotions is without question, however the issue of musics moral and ethical power, and how that power affects individuals and societies, is one that receivesRead MoreReport on Human Resource Management on Ne stle Kabirwala Ltd.12369 Words   |  50 PagesGerman, Nestlà © means little nest. One of his agents suggested that the nest could be exchanged for the white cross of the Swiss flag. His response was firm: I regret that I cannot allow you to change my nest for a Swiss cross .... I cannot have a different trademark in every country; anyone can make use of a cross, but no-one else may use my coat of arms. Meanwhile, the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company, founded in 1866 by Americans Charles and George Page, broadened its product line in the mid-1870sRead MoreTransferable Skills Development13058 Words   |  53 PagesUpon completion of this course, students should be able to: †¢ Develop skills in managing oneself, other people, groups, and ultimately organizations. †¢ Develop rich set of softer interpersonal, influencing, team-building, conflict management, and communications skills. †¢ Understand organizational performance, and career success in modern, dynamic and complex organizations. Transferable Skills Development: Transferable Skills Development is more than getting work done through peopleRead MoreIntercultural Communication21031 Words   |  85 Pagesthe single greatest barrier to business success is the one erected by culture. Edward T. Hall and Mildred Reed Hall Why study Intercultural Communication? Cultural diversity and multiculturalism are the realities of everyday life for almost everyone. The growth of interdependence of people and cultures in the global society of the twenty-first century has forced us to pay more attention to intercultural issues. In order to live and function in this multicultural environment as effectively andRead MoreA Descriptive Study of the Practice of Music Therapy in Hong Kong17388 Words   |  70 Pages By LAM HOI YAN April, 2007 04002865 ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to examine the development of music therapy in Hong Kong. Specifically, a number of related issues were studied including definition of music therapy, the origin of music therapy, the recent developments in music therapy in China, establishment of a music therapy session, and the setting of therapeutic goals and the use of techniques in the professional practices of music therapy. Data were obtained by interviewingRead MoreBeyond Sophisticated Stereotyping10228 Words   |  41 Pagesservice that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . Academy of Management is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Academy of Management Executive (1993-2005). http://www.jstor.org This contentRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 PagesRight tech for wrong reasons 3. Arts/Culture a. Arts have a future in Singapore? b. Why pursue Arts? c. Arts and technology d. Uniquely Singapore: Culture 4. Environment a. Developed vs. Developing b. Should environment be saved at all costs c. Are we doing enough to save the environment? d. Main reasons for environmental problems nowadays 5. Religion a. Religion divides more than it unites b. Religion and politics c. Science and religion 6. Terrorism a. Can