In Asthmatic Children under the age of 5yrs is spacer inhaler more Essay

In Asthmatic Children under the age of 5yrs is spacer inhaler more beneficial than a nebulizer - Essay Example The recent British thoracic Society Guidelines (20) support the use of spacer inhaler over the nebulizer. The possible advantages that accrue include reduced cost of acquisition and operation, greater potential convenience and reduced incidence of infection. It is therefore very important to asses whether spacer inhalers are beneficial in children with with extremely asthmatic episodes. The above clinical question and the suggested intervention measures are relevant in clinical practice of our modern society. C- Comparison interest: indicate that nebuliser too can offer convenience depending on the prevailing situational circumstance in relation to time, cost and available staff training and level of professionalism. Search for the articles relevant for this research review was computer based. Article database search was based on the PubMed directory. An updated PubMed search (8 April 2013), with the key terms â€Å"asthma† â€Å" spacer†, â€Å"nebuliser verses spacer inhaler†, â€Å"asthma spacer inhaler†, â€Å"spacer nebuliser comparison†, â€Å"acute asthmatic children†, â€Å"or asthma with the key term limit of meta analysis, human, all children 0-5 years. This led to acquisition of 15 citations which included two systematic reviews. First search was done based in the key terms that reflect the clinical problem â€Å"asthmatic children, nebuliser verses spacer inhaler†, â€Å"acute asthmatic† and â€Å"asthma†. This directed the search towards the acquisition of many other incidences which are prevalent to the problem in question. By reading the abstracts and key terms of the first acquired article, other terms like â€Å"juvenile asthma† and â€Å"asthma spacer nebulizer†. This gave out a new dimension of the review. The new article obtained from the secondary search show a considerable compliance and correlation of the primary sources. They

Ginkgo Biloba :: Botany

Ginkgo biloba The oldest known living fossil, more than 5,000 years old is native to China. Ginkgo, maidenhair tree, has an average life span of 1,000 years. The oldest trees are serving in the temples of the Chinese's and Japanese Buddhist monks. These trees are considered to be very sacred to their way of life. One of the traditions is the leaves and fruits have been used as a herbal medicine for over a thousand years. The female tree's fruit is a delicacy in food preparation also. Another reason for their stature in civilization is their ability to withstand many outside influences of nature. A tree in Hiroshima survived the atomic bomb of World War II in 1945 on the 6th of August. A 1 km distance from the center of explosion, it was the first to bud in September of the same year. The tree is now known as the "bearer of hope" for the people of Hiroshima. The temple was built around this mighty tree. The front stairs are divided in half to surround and protect the tree. "Engraved on it "No more Hiroshima" and people's prayers for peace." (1) Also in Japan, a shimenawa (cord of rice straw) is tied around the trunk of the tree to keep off evil spirits, showing how sacred these trees are to their civilization. Ginkgoaceae is dated back to the Paleozoic era. That is over 200 million years ago. The highest diversity of gymnosperms took place during the Cretaceous. The ginkgo was at one point found in numerous places in the world. Fossil records show a decline in the trees around the Tertiary. This is thought to be because of the extinction of dinosaurs, which were the main distributors of the seeds. The first mention in Chinese herbal medicine was during the Ming dynasty in 1436. Ginkgo is recorded as being introduced to the U.S. in 1784. It is considered to be the sole living link between the ferns and conifers. However two species, Ginkgoites and Baiera, of the genera ginkgo are extinct. Ginkgo biloba is the only living species. Although, one of the species thought extinct was found in Vantage, Washington near the Columbia River Gorge. The ginkgo beckii, after George Beck, lives in the Ginkgo Petrified Forest State Park. Structure Ginkgo can grow to be 20 to 30 meters in height and 9 meters wide with a trunk size up to 4 meters.

A Character Analysis of Kerima Tuvera’s The Virgin Essay

Introduction Through the use of theories based on psychology and personality, the characters in The Virgin will be analysed in this essay to show that there was development. To do this essay, I did extensive research on the types of theories that were floating about on the Internet such as the Psychoanalytic Theory of Freud. I also did in-depth research on the types of characters in literature to help with understanding who the characters were and what they brought to the story. A few examples would be figuring out who the protagonist or foil were in the story. Analysis Here, I am going to analyse the characters within the story with the main focus being on Miss Mijares and the Carpenter. Miss Mijares When Miss Mijares is introduced, we immediately see that she is the protagonist because the story is centred on her and the conflicts that she is faced with. We see this as the story is wholly in her point of view, although it is in the third person limited omniscient, and never in any of the other character’s point of views. However, how do we know that the story is in the third person limited omniscient? We know that the story is in the third person as the text refers to Miss Mijares as ‘she’, the Carpenter as ‘he’ and so forth but never ‘I said’. It is limited because it is only in Miss Mijares’ view on events. We see this throughout the entire story but an example of this would be in the second paragraph where it says, ‘Miss Mijares thought how she could easily have said, Please wait for me, or Will you wait for me? But years of working for the placement section had dulled the edges of her instinct for courtesy. (Polotan)’ Finally, it is omniscient because as we know information about Miss Mijares that the other characters do not. We can see this in paragraph 6 where we find out that whenever she watches movies; ‘her own fingers stole unconsciously to her unbruised lips (Polotan)’. That is a personal experience and so not many, if any, of the characters know about this but we do. Read more:  Essay About the Virgin by Kerima Polotan Tuvera When reading the story, you find that there is a lot of development from Miss Mijares. Usually you find that, within the confines of the Placement Office, she is very cold and impatient with the people who she interviews. We can see this in paragraph 3 where it says, ‘When she talked with the jobless across her desk, asking them the damning questions that completed their humiliation†¦she was filled with an impatience she could not understand (Polotan)’ as well as feeling slightly disgusted by them as she ‘would turn away to touch the delicate edge of the handkerchief she wore on her breast. (Polotan)’ We find that she has a rather Authoritarian Personality, which was proposed by Adorno and many others. This seems to rather fit her as people with this type of personality would be ‘hostile to those who are of inferior status’ (NcLeod), hence her coldness towards the lower class, upholding traditional values, such as her wanting to find love, as well as respect for authority figures, which we can see in Paragraph 46 ‘†Å"Your lives are our business here,† she shouted (Polotan)’. However, when she comes back from her lunch, she no longer sees him as some guy in the Placement Office. Miss Mijares starts to see small details about him such as his ‘big, strong wrists (Polotan)’ or the fact that she glorifies the bird in his hand to be a ‘dove’. On the flip side, when her subconscious realises this, she goes back to her Authoritarian Personality to put him back in his place by speaking in English. This personality, on the other hand, does not continue and seems to be some sort of defence against projecting what she truly feels as she persuades Ato to give the Carpenter an extra half peso instead of dropping the subject on pay. From Freud’s study on ego defences, there are several defence mechanisms that are available but the one that relates the most to Miss Mijares is Repression. ‘Repression is an unconscious mechanism, employed by the ego, to keep disturbing or threatening thoughts from become conscious’ (McLeod, Defense Mechanisms). It becomes very apparent as the story progresses because she appears to take a liking to the Carpenter and once she finds out the damning news that ‘his son died (Polotan)’; the boundaries come back up again and resume her Authoritarian personality. However, this time, she starts to see the small details that do not make him  attractive such as ‘his two front teeth were widely set apart (Polotan)’ in paragraph 42. After the confrontation about his whereabouts she meets him outside but she is indifferent to him, unlike previously when he thanked her for the extra half peso. He takes the same jeepney as her and gets off at the same time but by the end, after he touches her, her defence falls back down again and she saw the man who was standing in her office asking for a job and presumably goes with him and ‘she turned to him; with ruffles wet and wilted, in the dark she turned to him. (Polotan)’ This all relates back to Freud’s idea about the psyche. At the beginning of the story, we are dealt with the introduction of Miss Mijares. We find out that Miss Mijares is a woman who has never been with a man-physically or emotionally. This is because we see that ‘there had been other things to do-college to finish, a niece to put through school, a mother to care for (Polotan)’. Through this, we can see that it turns back to The Superego. This means that there ‘is control of id’s (which we will come to later) impulses, especially those which society forbids, such as sex and aggression. It also has the function of persuading the ego to turn to moralistic goals rather than simply realistic ones and to strive for perfection’ (McLeod, Id, Ego and Superego). However, through having this Superego, there is the ‘ideal self’ and this ‘is an imaginary picture of how you ought to be, and represents career aspirations, how to treat other people, and how to behave as a member of society’ (McLeod, Id, Ego and Superego). We see this in many ways such as how she reacts to the poor such as when she would touch the handkerchief after dealing with the papers in paragraph 3. Another good example of this would be how she reacted to the Carpenter lying to her. She saw past her lust for the man and her superego made her feel guilt for being so lustful after a man she knew little about. This then goes onto The Ego. The Ego ‘is the decision making component of personality’ and ‘considers social realities and norms, etiquette and rules in deciding how to behave’ (McLeod, Id, Ego and Superego). We do not see much of this but an example of this would be in paragraph 11 where a bird paperweight had been put on her desk and she had to remind herself that she was surrounded by people as she laughed and even ‘told herself, who; get a  hold, a hold, a hold! (Polotan)’. However, the one that is the most significant is the id. It is the ‘impulsive part of our psyche which responds directly and immediately to the instincts’ (McLeod, Id, Ego and Superego). We see this a lot in the story, such as in paragraph 6 where we have a taste of what Miss Mijares actually wants and sometimes even fantasises about. For example, ‘in the jeepneys she took to work when a man pressed down beside her and through her dress she felt the curve of his thigh’ or ‘her eyes straying, against her will to the bedroom door (Polotan)’. However, the main one that caught our attention was in the final few paragraphs. After years of denying herself and her id of what she really wanted, she gave in to the primal instincts of wanting a man as she ‘turned to him’ after he brushed against her. Therefore, we witness Miss Mijares unravel psychologically as she slowly starts to attain what she has wanted for a long time. We see her go from a very prim-proper woman to a woman who desires love and want so much that her walls break down and she no longer holds the image she shows to everyone else. She gives in to her primal instincts. The Carpenter The Carpenter is a character who is very much opposite to who Miss Mijares is. Physically, we can see there is an immediate difference between the two characters. The Carpenter is described as ‘a tall, big man (Polotan)’ that is in contrast to Miss Mijares who is described as ‘slight, almost bony’. In addition to this, he is everything that Miss Mijares seems to be against in her nature. Miss Mijares, in the story, puts people in their place when she sees fit as well as try and give people what they deserve, just like when she tried to give the Carpenter the extra peso as he was filling a four peso slot, while the Carpenter, although does not exactly lie, lies about his position in his life with family. There is the sense that he manipulated her to get what he wanted in the end, and that was her. This, therefore, makes the Carpenter a juxtaposition. He is the anti-hero and antagonist. He is the anti-hero because he holds moral values that are against what Miss Mijares is about-she is essentially the honest type of  person-while the Carpenter readily lied to try and get what he wanted. He is the antagonist because he is what blocks Miss Mijares from seeing straight; he is her obstacle to get past. Although he is not a villain, he is able to stop Miss Mijares from seeing straight and acting like she usually does. She acts out in a way that is not usual for her as she looked after her mother; she got through college and helped with her niece to put her through school. However, the Carpenter is not married to the mother of his son, a college graduate or saving up money to put his child through school. Hence, he is a juxtaposition. Conclusion In conclusion, psychology played a major role in how the characters were developed. By using Freud’s analysis and his take on psychology, as well as other theories based on it, we can see how the character has developed psychologically-especially with Miss Mijares. We see how her personality changes and walls drop as we progress through the story as she starts to lust after the Carpenter. Meanwhile, the Carpenter is heavily based on character types and how he affected Miss Mijares as that character. Therefore, we were able to see how the characters had developed in the short story. Works Cited McLeod, Saul. Defense Mechanisms. 2008. 29 January 2015 . —. Id, Ego and Superego. 2008. 23 January 2015 . NcLeod, Saul. Theories of Personality. 2014. 25 January 2015 . Polotan, Kerima. The Virgin (From The Likhaan Anthology of Philippine Literature in English). Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press, 2002.

Budgeting, Planning, And Planning - 770 Words

Budgeting is planning, making financial arrangements to spend money now and in the future. In a business, budgeting involves a more detail process. Therefore a measurable plan is created and is used as a tool for making future day-to-day decisions that will be beneficial for the organization. It helps the organization to determine whether not they will be able to accomplish their goals. Having a budget helps an organization to prioritize their spending and focus on the most important things. It also assists organization from experiencing growth stall. Budget Forecasting and Planning aids an organization in tracking their monthly finances and also with their long term plans. (Shastri Stout, (2008) stated â€Å"Budget can be part of the strategic management process of an organization.† (p.20) I work with an organization where budgeting is an integral part of what we do, and I’m sure that the case with others as well. I’ve held a few accounting positions in my time but my experience in budgeting is somewhat limited, in that it was basically focus on one main area. In one of my past work experience, I was responsible for the entire department’s within the school purchasing of supplies budget. I am still responsible for that portion in my current organization. I had to keep track of spending and my responsibility was to make sure that none of the department went in the red (a term that we use at organization) when it comes to ordering of supplies. In order for me to keep track andShow MoreRelatedProfit Planning and Budgeting5697 Words   |  23 PagesCHAPTER 9 PROFIT PLANNING AND BUDGETING Questions, Exercises, Problems, and Cases: Answers and Solutions 9.1 See text or glossary at the end of the book. 9.2 A cost center is a responsibility center in which management is responsible only for costs. 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